No issue has the same global impact as between the Palestinian and Israeli conflict. During the cold war, the United States and the Soviet Union twice raised their security alerts and aggressively challenged each other over this conflict. The oil embargo of the 1970s was inspired by the Palestinian/Israeli conflict. Numerous militants, terrorist groups and governments around the world which seek legitimacy place the Palestinian/Israeli conflict at the forefront of their agenda. And while the Palestinian/Israeli conflict is not the cause of terrorism, solving this conflict may transform the political landscape of the entire Middle East and expose the various agendas of numerous violent groups who leach on this conflict to win the hearts and minds of emotional and unsuspecting people.
Because of the global impact of this conflict, the United Nations through Security Council has been trying to solve the conflict as well as come up with several number of resolutions since 1967 respectively resolution 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515 (2003).
While the process to end the conflict between Palestine and Israel has been echoed through the United Nations, certain countries such as Spain, Norway, USSR and the United States also tried to solve the problem through their own initiatives. In this connection, subsequent to the Madrid Conference of 1991, the United States initiated negotiation peace talk in 1993 between Palestine and Israel in Oslo. The aforementioned negotiation peace talk was conducted secretly in Oslo, Norway, hosted by the Fafo institute, and completed on 20 August 1993. The Accords were subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington, DC on 13 September 1993, in the presence of PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and US President Bill Clinton. The documents themselves were signed by Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, foreign Minister Shimon Peres for Israel, Secretary of State Warren Christopher for the United States and foreign minister Andrei Kozyrev for Russia. Although no final agreement was reached to end the conflict between Palestine and Israel, it was for the first time in the history that the Israeli government hold direct, face-to-face negotiations with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, as the representative of the Palestinian people.
As a result of the escalating conflict in the Middle East, the Spanish Prime Minister Aznar established the group of quartet on the Middle East in Madrid in 2002. The Quartet on the Middle East, sometimes called the Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet or simply the Quartet, is a foursome of nations and international and supranational entities involved in mediating the peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Quartet are the United Nations, the United States, the European Union, and Russia.
In order to ease and resolve the Palestinian-Israel conflict, the Quartet proposed the "road map" plan for peace. The principles of the plan, originally drafted by U.S. Foreign Service Officer Donald Bloome, were first outlined by U.S. President George W. Bush in a speech on June 24, 2002, in which he called for an independent Palestinian state living side by side with Israel in peace: "The Roadmap represents a starting point toward achieving the vision of two states, a secure State of Israel and a viable, peaceful, democratic Palestine. It is the framework for progress towards lasting peace and security in the Middle East..."[1]
In exchange for statehood, the road map requires the Palestinian Authority to make democratic reforms and abandon the use of violence. And Israel, for its part, must support and accept the emergence of a reformed Palestinian government and end settlement activity of the Gaza Strip and West Bank as the Palestinian terrorist threat is removed.
In this light the road map comprises three goal-driven phases with the ultimate goal of ending the conflict as early as 2005. However, as a performance-based plan, progress will require and depend upon the good faith efforts of the parties, and their compliance with each of the obligations quartet put the plan together, with amendments following consultations with Israelis and Palestinians:
- Phase I (as early as May 2003): End to Palestinian violence; Palestinian political reform; Israeli withdrawal from Palestinian cities and freeze on settlement expansion; Palestinian elections.
- Phase II (as early as June-Dec 2003): International Conference to support Palestinian economic recovery and launch a process, leading to establishment of an independent Palestinian state with provisional borders; revival of multilateral engagement on issues including regional water resources, environment, economic development, refugees, and arms control issues; Arab states restore pre-intifada links to Israel (trade offices, etc.).
- Phase III (as early as 2004-2005): second international conference; permanent status agreement and end of conflict; agreement on final borders, clarification of the highly controversial question of the fate of Jerusalem, refugees and settlements; Arab state to agree to peace deals with Israel.
Despite the failure of implementation of the roadmap primarily by the unwillingness of Israel to freeze on settlement, the world witnessed the Annapolis conference as another series of conference that was hold with regard to the peace talk negotiation between the Palestine and Israel.
The Annapolis conference was a Middle East peace conference held on November 27, 2007, at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. The conference marked the first time a two-state solution was articulated as the mutually agreed-upon outline for addressing the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties.
Based on the Annapolis conference a two-state solution envisions two separate states in the Western portion of the historic region of Palestine: With Israel remaining a Jewish state, and the establishment of another Arab state to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. According to the idea, the Arab inhabitants would be given citizenship by the new Palestinian state; Palestinian refugees would likely be offered such citizenship as well. Arab citizens of present-day Israel would likely have the choice of staying with Israel, or becoming citizens of the new Palestine.
In recent development, United States under President Barrack Obama administration has tried to push for reviving the stalled peace process by getting the parties involved to agree to direct talks. The direct talks are aimed to put the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to an official end by forming a two-state solution for the Jewish people and the Palestinian people, promoting the idea of everlasting peace and an official halt to any further land claims as well accepting the rejection of any new dispute advancements if violence should reoccur.
Conclusion
The Palestine-Israel conflict remains the single most important reason for and catalyst towards feeding conflicts, strife and terrorism in not only that region, but also towards becoming justification for the violence which we continue to see throughout the world, related to international terrorism. A solution on this problem will not immediately stop violence, but it would indeed be a major step for the international community in our shared desire for international peace and security.
In this light the continuing occupation of the Palestine territory by Israel remained the root cause of the conflict. And this long-standing conflict would have no final solution without the achievement by the Palestinian people of its inalienable rights defined by the General Assembly in 1974, the roadmap and the Annapolis conference as the right to self-determination without external interference, the right to national independence and sovereignty and the right of Palestinian to return to their homes, from which they had been displaced and uprooted.
Suggestion
With regard to the conflict and the peace talk negotiation between Palestine and Israel, it is recommended that both countries to take necessary measures as follow:
Suggestion
With regard to the conflict and the peace talk negotiation between Palestine and Israel, it is recommended that both countries to take necessary measures as follow:
1) Both Palestine and Israel must realize that it is first and the foremost that the Palestine and Israel themselves who bear the primary responsibility for peace. No one can make peace for them and no peace can be imposed on them. And no one should want peace more than themselves. Somehow the role of International community in supporting peace talk negotiation between Palestine and Israel remains as important as ever and since that needs to remain engaged on this issue as well as to give best contribution.
2) Israel and Palestine must be realistic and faced the fact that both nations has an equal right to live and life in peace and security.
3) Violence begets violence and should not used as a tool to harm civilians on either side. Both Israel and Palestinian Authority should halt acts of violence aimed at harming innocent civilians.
4) Israel as a state is borne out of a United Nations resolution. And as a member of the international body, Israel must be held all responsible for all breaches committed under the norms of international practices and international law.
5) The Palestinian have to demonstrate that they themselves can unite and focus their actions towards attaining their right.
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1) Roadmap For Peace in the Middle East:Israeli/Palestinian Reciprocal Action, Quartet Support'U.S.Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,16/7/2003
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